When modern readers hear the word hell, they usually imagine a place of endless torture for human souls. But that picture does not come from the earliest Jewish texts. One of the most important sources shaping early Jewish and early Christian thought on judgment is the Book of 1 Enoch. …

Scripture, Not Sensation: Why Theology Cannot Be Built on Visions Healthy theology cannot be built on private visions. It must be grounded in the text—its language, its context, and its coherent witness. My conclusions do not arise from what someone claims to have seen in a vision, during a coma, …

In another article, I already addressed the meaning of the Hebrew word olam, so often translated as “everlasting” in English, and demonstrated that it does not mean endless time. That mistranslation imports later theological assumptions into the text and obscures the original biblical sense, where olam speaks of an age, …

Matthew 23:2–3 in Context, History, and Theology One verse, lifted from its setting, can be made to carry far more weight than it was ever meant to bear. Matthew 23:2–3—“The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat, so do and observe whatever they tell you”—has often been invoked to …

Every year in Israel, life comes to a complete halt for one day. Shops close. Roads empty. Even the noise of ordinary existence falls silent. For twenty-four hours, an entire nation stops—not as individuals in isolation, but together. Whether religious Jew or secular, citizen or outsider, everyone is caught up …

Calvinists often claim that if a Christian sins and doesn’t repent, that proves they were never truly “born again” to begin with. If that’s true, then John Calvin, the mind and soul behind Calvinism, isn’t saved according to Calvinism’s own decree. The founder of Calvinism, John Calvin, played a central …

While I probably won’t ever fit any Christian label perfectly, being a Jewish follower of Jesus, a biblical scholar, theologian, and author, I believe Eastern & Oriental Orthodoxy are the closest to the original view of the Gospel—back when it was still very Jewish. Christian groups within both the Eastern …

“Whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven” (Mark 3:29) Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit (“the Unforgivable Sin”) was not a general sin that anyone in any generation could accidentally commit — it referred to a very specific historical situation. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders of …

למאמר הראשון בסדרה: תקציר: מקור התאולוגיה ה”יהודית משיחית”למאמר השני בסדרה: זה למה יהודים משיחיים מאמינים ששאר היהודים ישרפו לנצח בגיהינוםמאמר זה הוא “העתק הדבק” של שיחה שהתקיימה ביני ובין עובדת (“מבשרת”) של ‘המכללה למקרא’ (המכללה של היהודים המשיחיים בישראל – בה בעצמי הייתי אחד המנהלים\המורים בעבר), בנושא של “האם יהודים ישרפו …

Please note: The following excerpt is drawn from my book, “Trojan Religion: The Final Prophetic Warning to the West“. Complete sources, citations, and references are documented within the book itself. Taqiyya began as a shield — a desperate survival instinct in the early years of Islam. When Muhammad’s followers were few and …