Comments on: Penal Substitutionary Atonement: A Critical Examination https://eitan.bar/articles/penal-substitutionary-atonement-critical/ Eitan Bar is a Theologian & Author Bringing a Jewish Perspective to the Christian Faith Tue, 13 Jan 2026 08:00:05 +0000 hourly 1 By: Biblical Repentance and the Day of Atonement — #Christianity #Jesus #Bible — Dr. Eitan Bar | Bible Scholar https://eitan.bar/articles/penal-substitutionary-atonement-critical/#comment-127 Tue, 13 Jan 2026 08:00:05 +0000 https://eitan.bar/?p=2967#comment-127 […] and removed. But there is nothing in the ritual of Yom Kippur that resembles the violent logic of Penal Substitution Atonement. There is no wrath being poured out on animals. There is no divine punishment. There is no anger […]

]]> By: What is "Messianic Jewish" Theology? The Theology Behind Today’s "Messianic Judaism" — Christianity — Dr. Eitan Bar | Bible Scholar https://eitan.bar/articles/penal-substitutionary-atonement-critical/#comment-106 Wed, 14 May 2025 13:25:12 +0000 https://eitan.bar/?p=2967#comment-106 […] reinstated Augustinian doctrines.Calvin also introduced a new Theory of Atonement called Penal Substitution, teaching that God had to punish, torture and kill Jesus, both physically and cosmically, to […]

]]> By: What If Christians Deconstruct Fundamentalism, Not Jesus? - Dr. Eitan Bar https://eitan.bar/articles/penal-substitutionary-atonement-critical/#comment-80 Wed, 22 Jan 2025 14:57:28 +0000 https://eitan.bar/?p=2967#comment-80 […] Penal Substitution is a violence-based doctrine because it portrays God as requiring violence—specifically the violent death of His innocent Son—as a means to achieve humanity’s salvation. It’s hard to reconcile this with the Father of Jesus, who consistently taught and embodied nonviolence (Luke 6:27-29; Matthew 26:52-54), especially toward the innocent. The idea of God becoming violent and killing Jesus to accomplish His ultimate purpose seems fundamentally at odds with the character of the God revealed in Jesus. […]

]]> By: What Most Christians Overlook Regarding Sacrifice in the Bible and Jesus' Atonement - Dr. Eitan Bar https://eitan.bar/articles/penal-substitutionary-atonement-critical/#comment-55 Sat, 11 May 2024 15:04:56 +0000 https://eitan.bar/?p=2967#comment-55 […] that God tortured, abused, and killed Jesus so He doesn’t have to torture and burn us (as taught by Calvinism). From a Jewish perspective, Christ’s atonement means we can enter the Holy of Holies and […]

]]> By: Does God Hate Us, Love Us, Or Both? - Dr. Eitan Bar https://eitan.bar/articles/penal-substitutionary-atonement-critical/#comment-47 Fri, 19 Apr 2024 08:16:00 +0000 https://eitan.bar/?p=2967#comment-47 […] Sounds ridiculous, right? Well, that’s probably the most popular explanation of the “gospel” in the Protestant world, based on Calvin’s model of Atonement, known as “Penal Substitutionary Atonement.” […]

]]> By: This is Why God Created You Limited and Finite - Dr. Eitan Bar https://eitan.bar/articles/penal-substitutionary-atonement-critical/#comment-43 Wed, 17 Apr 2024 07:46:34 +0000 https://eitan.bar/?p=2967#comment-43 […] holding that the Gospel is about (avoiding) eternal torment for imperfections (beliefs like Penal Substitution Atonement or the Satisfaction Theory of Atonement), is a misinterpretation of the essence of Jesus’ […]

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